The Paris Agreement explicitly links climate change adaptation and mitigation with means of implementation (MoI). Particularly for adaptation, Article 7.13 states that “continuous and enhanced international support shall be provided to developing country Parties” in accordance with all MoI-related Articles of the Paris Agreement (9, 10, and 11).

Article 7 of the Paris Agreement also establishes the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), which aims to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience, and reduce vulnerability to climate change. To operationalize the GGA, the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience was adopted at CMA5, containing seven thematic targets and four dimensional targets. The inclusion of MoI aspects in the relevant decision (Decision 2/CMA5) is mostly focused on finance. On MoI generally, the CMA “[r]ecognizes that means of implementation for adaptation, such as finance, technology transfer and capacity-building, are crucial to the implementation of the United Arab Emirates Framework for Global Climate Resilience” and “[r]eiterates that continuous and enhanced international support provided and mobilized for developing country Parties, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 9-11 of the Paris Agreement, is urgently required, taking into account the needs and priorities of developing country Parties, to support the implementation of the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience, including towards achieving the targets referred to in paragraphs 9–10 above.”

This technical brief aims to provide an outline of the UNFCCC’s Technology Mechanism as well as important considerations and possibilities related to the inclusion of climate technology as part of MoI in the GGA indicators.